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Wrought Nickel
Pure nickel UNS N finds extensive use in the chemical industry due to its remarkable resistance to corrosion, especially against alkalis. This alloy is also valued for its ability to shield against electromagnetic interference and its role in transducers.
Contact us to discuss your requirements for Nickel Base Alloy. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.
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Nickel-Iron Alloys
Nickel-Iron alloys are utilized as soft magnetic materials, as components in glass-to-metal seals, and for applications that require predetermined thermal expansion properties. Invar® (UNS K), containing 36% nickel and the remainder iron, is particularly notable for its almost zero coefficient of thermal expansion near room temperature, making it essential in high dimensional stability applications like precision measuring instruments and thermostat rods. Furthermore, it's effective at cryogenic temperatures due to its low thermal expansion rates.
Alloys with nickel concentrations of 72-83% exhibit superior soft magnetic characteristics, making them optimal for transformers, inductors, magnetic amplifiers, magnetic shields, and memory storage devices.
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Nickel-Copper Alloys
Nickel-Copper alloys exhibit exceptional resistance to corrosion from alkaline solutions, non-oxidizing salts, and seawater, with Alloy 400 being the most recognized variant.
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Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys
These alloys are renowned for their exceptional resistance to reducing acids, particularly in the absence of oxidizing ions like ferric, cupric, or dissolved oxygen. Among them, Alloy B-2 is particularly prominent.
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Nickel-Chromium Alloys
Nickel-Chromium alloys are distinguished by their high resistance to corrosion at standard and elevated temperatures (including scaling resistance), coupled with excellent high-temperature strength and high electrical resistance. The primary categories include:
- Ni-Cr (and Ni-Cr-Fe) alloys exhibiting high electrical resistance suitable for heating elements, for instance, 70-30 (UNS N) and C-Grade (UNS N).
- Ni-Cr alloys (including Fe and other alloying elements) recognized for their corrosion resistance, the most notable being Alloy 600 (UNS N) and Alloy 601 (UNS N).
- Ni-Cr alloys designed for high-temperature strength and creep resistance, mainly age-hardenable varieties such as Alloy X-750 (UNS N).
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Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
This category includes two primary groups:
- Ni-Cr-Fe alloys that boast excellent strength under high temperatures while resisting oxidation and carburization, with Alloy 800 (UNS N) and its variants 800H (UNS N) and 800HT (UNS N) being well-known.
- Ni-Cr-Fe alloys (with Mo and Cu) providing superior corrosion resistance in specialized applications, with Alloy 825 (UNS N) recognized for its exceptional resistance to sulfuric acid. Alloy G-3 (UNS N) also demonstrates remarkable corrosion resistance against commercial phosphoric acids along with many complex solutions that contain highly oxidizing acids.
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Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloys
These alloys are renowned for their high corrosion resistance, with Alloy C-276 (N) being the most prominent. They exhibit remarkable resistance to reducing acids such as hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. A number of variants exist, modifying levels of Cr and Mo and incorporating Cu or W to enhance resistance under both oxidizing and reducing conditions. Notable examples include Alloy C-22 (N), Alloy 59 (N), Alloy C- (UNS N), and Alloy 686 (N).
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Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt Alloys
The inclusion of cobalt and molybdenum brings solid-solution strengthening and enhances creep-rupture strength to alloy 617 (UNS N). Cobalt addition to HR-160 (N) offers superior resistance against various types of high-temperature corrosion attacks, including sulfide and chloride attacks in both reducing and oxidizing environments.
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Nickel-Titanium Alloys
The 55% nickel-titanium alloy (UNS N), also known as Nitinol, showcases remarkable shape-memory characteristics. It exhibits the ability to revert to its original shape when reheated after being deformed at lower temperatures. The transition temperatures can be modified through precise adjustment of the composition. Applications include medical devices and specialized connectors. Additionally, this alloy can significantly deform elastically while still returning to its original shape (super-elastic property), finding use in products such as eyeglasses and earthquake-resistant shock absorbers for historic buildings.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdf
Kamal Acharya
The purpose of the on-line aptitude test system is to take online tests efficiently without wasting time on paper checking. The main aim is to provide a thorough evaluation of candidates through a fully automated system, significantly saving time while delivering fast results. Students can take exams conveniently without needing materials like paper and pen. This system can be employed in both educational institutions and corporate environments, as it remains usable anytime and anywhere as a web-based application, free of the restriction of examiner presence during testing.
Every time lecturers or professors need to administer examinations, they have to create a new set of questions, which can be cumbersome. Some may wish to offer open-book online exams, allowing students the opportunity to take the test anytime within a limited time frame. Professors may also want to randomize question sequences for each student. The challenge for students is the obligatory attendance for exams at set times, leaving little room for flexibility. This project will create a user-friendly interface for examiners to easily create, store, and manage questions within a secure repository, enabling students to take exams at their convenience, with timed questions if required. This application ultimately benefits both examiners and examinees concurrently.
The Examination System is invaluable for educators; it offers a streamlined approach to creating question papers. Traditional methods involve manually writing questions and maintaining their security, which can be burdensome. The Examination System simplifies this by allowing question management within a single encrypted file. General and Administrator passwords ensure unauthorized access is prohibited. Furthermore, the system randomly shuffles and selects questions from a database, reducing the chances of memorization.
For more information, please visit Resistance Heating Alloy.
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