What are gabions characteristics? - Deze Gabion

What are gabions characteristics? - Deze Gabion

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Gabion baskets are an innovative technology that has gained traction in recent years, primarily used in water conservancy construction. Gabions are crafted from highly corrosion-resistant, high-strength, and ductile low-carbon steel wire or PVC-coated wire, adhering to the ASTM A 975 standard. The wire diameters for gabions range between 2.0 and 4.0 mm, with tensile strengths of no less than 38 kg/m², and zinc coatings generally exceeding 245 g/m². The edge wire diameter of gabions is typically larger than the inner wire diameter, with the double-stranded portion being no less than 50 mm in length to ensure the integrity of the metal and PVC coatings during usage.

Some key specifications include:

• Aperture sizes include 60 × 80 mm, 80 × 100 mm, 80 × 120 mm, 100 × 120 mm, and 120 × 150 mm. The double-stranded length must be at least 50 mm to prevent damage to the twisted metal and PVC coatings.
• Wire diameters for gabions come in three types: mesh wire, edge wire, and tie wire.
  • Mesh wire ranges from 2 mm to 4 mm.
  • Edge wire is generally thicker than mesh wire by 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
  • Tie wire typically has a diameter of about 2.2 mm.
• The wire tension must be no less than 38 kg/m² (380 N/mm).
• Surface treatments for gabion baskets include:
  • Galvanization, where electric galvanizing offers 10 g/m², despite its poor corrosion resistance.
  • Hot-dip galvanizing, with zinc amounts reaching up to 245 g/m², provides much better corrosion resistance.
  • Galfan coating (zinc-aluminum alloy), either in zinc-5% aluminum alloy wire or aluminum-zinc mixed -10% alloy wire for superior corrosion resistance.
  • PVC coating, generally with a thickness of 1.0 mm, for instance, turning a 2.7 mm wire into a 3.7 mm one post-coating, offering strong anti-corrosion properties.
• Sizes can be customized as per the requirements.

This structure is versatile, making it suitable for a variety of applications like slope protection, excavation, rock face stabilization, slope vegetation, railway protection, highway isolation, river meshes, and cage pads to protect against erosion in rivers, dykes, and seawalls, as well as for reservoir and river closures.

Gabion Baskets

Gabions are rectangular cages made of hexagonal double-twist wire mesh filled with appropriately sized rock or quarry stone. Mild tensile steel wire, class A galvanized to SABS 675 of 1993, is used in their construction. They are divided into cells by inserting diaphragms, which are mesh panels with the same characteristics as the external sides, spaced 1m from each other to provide strength and enable speedy construction.

The galvanized wire, before weaving, can be coated with a 0.5 mm thick special PVC (polyvinyl chloride) coating, providing full protection from corrosion in marine or heavily polluted environments.

Gabions are used in various situations including stabilization of earth movement and erosion, river control, reservoirs, canal refurbishment, landscaping, and retaining walls. They can be manufactured in welded mesh or woven wire.

Key features of gabions include their hexagonal mesh pattern at critical points, double twisting to prevent unraveling, reinforcing wires woven into corners, and securely attached diaphragms that prevent shifting and reinforce the structure.

Advantages of gabions:

• Flexibility: Superior to rigid structures, the hexagonal mesh construction allows natural adjustment to earth settlement conditions without causing fracture or collapse.
• Durability: Gaps between the stones silt up naturally over time, supporting the growth of grass and plants that bond the structure together.
• Permeability: Gabions allow water to pass through, preventing water pressure buildup and ensuring continuous drainage.
• Strength: Their flexible structure has inherent strength to withstand and dissipate pressures exerted by water and earth masses.
• Economy: Typically, local materials are used for filling. Gabions require no structural maintenance, and often no foundation work is necessary.
• Natural Appearance: Made of natural stone, gabions are aesthetically pleasing, especially when vegetation grows over time.
• Simplicity: Quick to assemble, even with unskilled labor.
• Maintenance: Easily maintained using additional mesh or grouting.
• Functionality: They function immediately upon construction.
• Extendibility: Extensions are simple as additional units can be added to existing ones.

The wire diameter for gabions ranges from 2 mm to 8 mm. Gabion baskets can be welded or woven and can be galvanized or plastic-coated depending on the application. They are delivered in flat pack form and assembled on-site, suitable for small domestic to large industrial projects. The infill is typically locally sourced stone ranging from 200 mm to 100 mm. Hand facing ensures a good cosmetic appearance.

Gabion advantages encompass flexibility, durability, strength, permeability, economy, and landscaping. Their uses are extensive, from earth stabilization, river control, and landscaping to architectural applications.

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