Grinding and Polish

Grinding and polishing are common finishing processes that enhance the quality of the surface features of a workpiece. While machining can achieve the desired dimensional accuracy and tolerance, grinding and polishing can improve the surface roughness, flatness, and reflectivity.

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit our website.

Grinding machines use abrasive wheels that rotate at high speed to remove material from the workpiece by abrasion. The abrasive grains on the wheel act as cutting tools that create small chips on the workpiece surface. There are different types of grinding machines, such as cylindrical, surface, centerless, and internal grinding machines, depending on the shape and size of the workpiece and the desired finish.

The abrasion process can be classified into two types: ductile-mode and brittle-mode. In ductile-mode abrasion, the material is plastically deformed and removed by shear. In brittle-mode abrasion, the material is fractured and removed by tensile stress. The type of abrasion depends on the properties of the workpiece material, the abrasive grains, and the grinding conditions.

One of the main concerns in grinding is the wheel wear, which affects the performance and efficiency of the process. The wheel wear can be caused by three mechanisms: attritious wear, grain fracture, and bond fracture. Attritious wear occurs when the abrasive grains lose their sharpness due to rubbing against the workpiece. Grain fracture occurs when the abrasive grains break into smaller pieces due to excessive force or temperature. Bond fracture occurs when the bond material that holds the grains together breaks due to fatigue or thermal stress.

The material removal rate (MRR) in grinding is a measure of how much material is removed from the workpiece per unit time. The MRR depends on several factors, such as the force applied on the wheel, the wheel speed, the workpiece speed, the depth of cut, and the grinding ratio. The grinding ratio is defined as the ratio of the volume of material removed from the workpiece to the volume of material removed from the wheel. A high grinding ratio means that the wheel wears less and lasts longer.

You will get efficient and thoughtful service from PIONEER.

Polishing is a process that uses finer abrasives or polishing compounds to create a smooth and shiny surface on a workpiece. Polishing can reduce or eliminate surface defects such as scratches, pits, and marks that are left by previous machining or grinding operations. Polishing can also improve the corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and aesthetic appeal of a workpiece.

There are different methods of metal polishing, such as mechanical polishing, electrochemical polishing, and chemical polishing. Mechanical polishing uses abrasive tools or media that rub against the workpiece surface to remove a thin layer of material. Electrochemical polishing uses an electric current to dissolve the surface irregularities of a workpiece immersed in an electrolytic solution. Chemical polishing uses a chemical solution to etch away the surface roughness of a workpiece.

Watch Professor Cumings&#; Introductory Lecture on Grinding

What is Polishing?

• A process to generate a reflective surface
• Normally, the polish is generated by using a fine-micron or sub-micron abrasive particle in combination with a liquid. Polishing is a &#;wet&#; process.
• Often the polishing process utilizes a pad to contain the abrasive, so polishing may not be a &#;loose abrasive process.&#; The pad is softer than the part.
• Very little material is  removed during the polishing process, normally measured in microns
• The surface finish of the work-piece to be polished must be of a high quality prior to the polishing process taking place, so the pre-polishing process is often a &#;lapped&#; surface.

What are some Peter Wolters / Lapmaster industrial polished surface functions and applications

• Enables sealing of high pressure gases and liquids
• Cosmetic polishied purposes
• Enables the use of optical flatness measurement instruments
• Reduces the amount of surface and sub-surface damage
• Provides better uniformity of surfaces requiring epitaxial processes or deposited materials
• Generates sharper edges on cutting tools

Types of Polishing and Deburring

• Soft or hard pads using a conventional or special purpose abrasive slurry
• Soft or hard pads using a diamond abrasive slurry which may be water-base or oil-base
• Hard pads using a diamond compound and lubricant
• Diamond slurry polishing using a composite plate
• Diamond slurry polishing using a metal plate
• Fixed-abrasive films (captured abrasive) and lube

Lapping vs. Polishing

Lapping

• Dull, non-reflective surface (matte)
• Multi-directional lay pattern
• Component function (coating)

Polishing

• Reflective finish
• Typically 2nd step
• Component function (sealing)
• Cosmetic appeal
• Light-band inspection

How Does Polishing Work?

• Polishing often uses a polishing pad and water-base slurry to generate the reflective or clear surface
• An unblemished, scratch-free surface finish is critical on polished surfaces. To generate the required finishes, the polishing slurries are often caustic. As such, the polishing systems may feature stainless steel exposed components such as the hardware, rings and plates.
• Further to the above, some polishing applications also require thorough water rinsing during the end of the processing cycle, in order to remove the polishing media so it does not &#;stain&#; the surface. This is another reason why stainless steel is required.The polishing pads are usually grouped into either &#;soft&#; pad or &#;hard&#; pad categories. 

Lapping vs. Polishing Systems

• The lapping and polishing systems are quite similar in most aspects
• However, since polishing normally takes place using a pad and slurry, the surface tension is quite high compared to lapping
• In addition, a polished part features a much higher level of surface tension compared to a lapped part
• Based on the above items, polishing systems may feature a higher level of horsepower for the drives

Why use Precision Surface / Peter Wolters Polishing Machines / Systems?

Precision Surface Peter Wolters polishing machines and systems offers a complete line of products for all polishing requirements. We can offer fully integrated systems and machines for high volume polishing and industrial production applications and equipment for low volume job shop applications. Precision Surface / Peter Wolters also offers used polishing (rebuilt and refurbished) and upgrade services for existing polishing machines. We provide our customers with fully engineered complete custom solutions and offer a full line of accessories and consumables in addition to comprehensive training and repair services.

Our extensive line of polishing machines / systems for both medium to large-scale serial production as well as small batch production; these systems can be made to be manually operated or fully automated. With innovation and customer service as our main objectives, Lapmaster continuously researching and developing new technology and polishing machinery. By consistently staying on top of the latest developments on the market, we ensure that our customers are provided with the most state-of-the-art production and control.

The company is the world’s best Chrome Polish Machine(tr,es,ar) supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.