Have you ever ordered the wrong pipe size and wondered what happened? You measured the pipe threads. In fact, you measured it a few times before placing your order, but once your order arrives and you go to use pipe, it doesn&#;t fit. Well, measuring pipe threads seems simple enough, but it can be deceivingly complicated. A few tweaks in how you measure pipe threads could make all the difference- and save time and frustration.
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The most common threads used in general applications, follow the American National Standard Pipe Thread standards, or national pipe thread (NPT).
They include both tapered threads, used on fasteners and pipe and straight thread series.
Tapered threaded pipes, often used in plumbing installations for the delivery of fluids or steam have a threaded section that is shaped like a cone. This design forms a seal when torqued, as the flanks of the threads compress against each other
Straight thread fittings connect piping, but do not provide the seal alone. Straight threads can be sealed into a female pipe with Teflon tape or pipe compound. Read below for measuring advice specific to NPT.
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The rule of thumb when measuring National Pipe Thread is to subtract ¼-inch from your initial measurement. The thickness of the pipe wall will vary depending on the pipe, so always take that into account.
Here&#;s an example: To measure the threads on a ¼ inch male pipe thread (MPT), measure the very outsides of the thread, then subtract ¼ inch of the outside diameter (OD) measurement to account for the thickness of the pipe wall on either side. When measuring a female pipe thread (FPT), measure the OD of the pipe itself and subtract ¼ inch to find the correct pipe thread size.
Perhaps even easier than this is to purchase a measuring tool called a caliper that will measure OD and inside diameter (ID). Eaton Weatherhead offers an angle gauge caliper and thread pitch gauge to help.
Check out the chart below for guidance on measuring National Pipe Threads (NPT). For additional guidance on other pipe threads, please view this reference guide from Eaton Weatherhead.
National Pipe Tapered (NPT) Thread Chart
Measure thread diameter and subtract 1&#;4 inch to find the nominal pipe size.
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Inch SizeDash SizeNominal Thread SizeMale Thread O.D. (in)Female Thread I.D. (in)1/8021&#;8 -27.39.33
1/404¼-18.52.44
3/8063/8 -18.65.58
1/208½ -14.81.70
3/4123&#;4-141.02.92
1161- 11 ½1.281.16
1 1/4201 1&#;4-11 ½1.621.50
1 1/2241 1&#;2-11 ½1.861.73
2322-11 1&#;22.332.22
Additional Common Pipe Thread Acronyms
NPTNational Pipe Thread (tapered)
FPTFemale Pipe Thread (interchangeable with NPT)
FIPFemale Iron Pipe (interchangeable with NPT)
MPTMale Pipe Thread (interchangeable with NPT)
MIPMale Iron Pipe (interchangeable with NPT)
IPSIron Pipe Size (interchangeable with NPT)
PTFSAE Short Taper Pipe Thread
NPTFNational Pipe Thread Fuel (American National taper pipe thread for dryseal pressure-tight joints)
NPSMNational Pipe Straight Mechanical (American National straight pipe thread for mechanical joints)
NPSIAmerican National Straight Intermediate Pipe Thread
GHTGarden Hose Thread
NSTNational Standard Thread (fire hose thread)
BSPTBritish Standard Taper Pipe Thread (metric)
Related: Pro Tips for Proper Selection of Hydraulic Hose End Connections
For non-NPT measuring, many people measure a pipe by the outside diameter. For example, you draw a measuring tape along the pipe&#;s diameter and see a 1-inch measurement. It stands to reason you would then order a 1-inch pipe. However, you will be surprised when the fittings don&#;t match up. What you, in fact, need to order is a ¾-inch pipe because the chosen diameter should refer to the inside of the pipe where the potential flow happens, not the outside that was measured. Why? This accounts for the thickness of the pipe wall. So, just remember to focus on the interior diameter.
Contact us today to discuss your needs or to schedule an onsite consultation at 314-638- option 4.
Superior Industrial Supply carries the hydraulic hose supplies and industrial tools you need to keep your operations running smoothly. If we can&#;t get you what you need, we&#;ll help you find it. Stop in to our St. Louis location, or call 314-638- option 4 and we&#;ll get you squared away today.
Accurate measurements are crucial to a successful project. Make sure you have the right supplies with this guide on how to measure pipe size and pipe fittings.
The success of any project hinges on having the right supplies on hand. When it comes to pipes and fittings, finding the right size is essential, but it can also be confusing. If you&#;re gathering supplies for a project, take care to find accurate sizes. You don&#;t want to get halfway through your work to realize that certain pieces don&#;t fit together. Learning how to measure pipe and fitting sizes isn&#;t as straightforward as you might want it to be, but it doesn&#;t have to be a headache, either. Find the right equipment for your next installation or repair with this guide. Refer to our collection of pipe specification resources for further assistance.
Nominal Sizes vs. Actual Dimensions
The element that trips most people up is the term pipe size. Instead of referring to the actual measurements of your pipe or fitting, pipe size refers to the nominal size, or nominal diameter, of the pipe. When you measure the pipe itself, you don&#;t take both the inner and outer diameters into consideration. Furthermore, these diameters can change depending on the material thickness of the pipe. For example, two different ¾ inch pipes might have varying inner and outer diameters because they have varying wall thicknesses. That&#;s why nominal size is a key part of how to measure pipe and fitting sizes .
Measuring Nominal Pipe Size
A number of different factors and measurements can help you determine the nominal size of your pipe, including outside diameter, threads per inch, or circumference. To get a truly accurate reading of the pipe size, you should measure both the threads per inch and the outside diameter (or inside diameter if it&#;s a female pipe thread). For male pipe threads, be sure to measure the outside diameter at the widest point of the threads. For female pipe threads, measure the inside diameter at the widest point of the threads. You can then use these measurements to find the right size in a nominal pipe size conversion chart .
Finding the Right Fitting
Finding the right pipe fitting can also be confusing. You need a fitting that has an inside diameter large enough to fit around your pipe. Knowing the nominal size of your pipe will help you find accurate fittings. When purchasing fittings, take care to make your decision based on this nominal size rather than the outer or inner diameter of the pipe.
Knowing the ins and outs of your equipment is the first step to a successful piping project. The second step is to buy quality pipe stopples and other equipment from Petersen Products. We have the resources and information you need to find tools and supplies that you can rely on, so explore our website or call us to find what you need today.
The information may be used but with no warranty or liability. This information is believed to be correct but should always be double checked with alternative sources. Strictly adhere to and follow all applicable national and local regulations and practices.
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