Chemical compound
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CPVC sprinkler pipe inside a firestop mock-up
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. CPVC is significantly more flexible than PVC, and can also withstand higher temperatures. Uses include hot and cold water delivery pipes and industrial liquid handling. CPVC, like PVC, is deemed safe for the transport and use of potable water.[citation needed]
History
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Genova Products located in Michigan initially created the first CPVC tubing and fittings for hot- and cold-water distribution systems in the early s.[citation needed] The original tetrahydrofuran (THF) / methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) formulas for CPVC cements were developed by Genova in conjunction with the B.F. Goodrich Company, the original developer of the CPVC resin.[citation needed]
Production process
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Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is PVC that has been chlorinated via a free radical chlorination reaction. This reaction is typically initiated by application of thermal or UV energy utilizing various approaches. In the process, chlorine gas is decomposed into free radical chlorine which is then reacted with PVC in a post-production step, essentially replacing a portion of the hydrogen in the PVC with chlorine.
Depending on the method, a varying amount of chlorine is introduced into the polymer allowing for a measured way to fine-tune the final properties. The chlorine content may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer; the base can be as low as PVC 56.7% to as high as 74% by mass, although most commercial resins have chlorine content from 63% to 69%.[citation needed] As the chlorine content in CPVC is increased, its glass transition temperature (Tg) increases significantly. Under normal operating conditions, CPVC becomes unstable at 70% mass of chlorine.
Various additives are also introduced into the resin in order to make the material more receptive to processing. These additives may consist of stabilizers, impact modifiers, pigments and lubricants.
Physical properties
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CPVC shares most of the features and properties of PVC, but also has some key differences. CPVC is readily workable, including machining, welding, and forming. Because of its excellent corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, CPVC is ideally suited for self-supporting constructions where temperatures up to 200 °F (93 °C) are present. The ability to bend, shape, and weld CPVC enables its use in a wide variety of processes and applications. It exhibits fire-retardant properties.
Comparison to polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
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Heat resistance
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CPVC can withstand corrosive water at temperatures greater than PVC, typically greater by 40&#;50 °C (greater by 72&#;90 °F), contributing to its popularity as a material for water-piping systems in residential and commercial construction. CPVC maximal operating temperature peaks at 200 °F (93 °C).
Mechanical properties
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The principal mechanical difference between CPVC and PVC is that CPVC is significantly more ductile, allowing greater flexure and crush resistance. Additionally, the mechanical strength of CPVC makes it a viable candidate to replace many types of metal pipe in conditions where metal's susceptibility to corrosion limits its use.
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Properties of CPVC and PVC
Schedule 40
Schedule 80
CPVC
PVC
CPVC
PVC
Max. working pressure
450 psi (3,100 kPa)
450 psi (3,100 kPa)
630 psi (4,300 kPa)
630 psi (4,300 kPa)
Tensile strength
8,200 psi (57,000 kPa)
7,500 psi (52,000 kPa)
8,200 psi (57,000 kPa)
7,500 psi (52,000 kPa)
Temperature limits
33&#;200 °F (1&#;93 °C)
33&#;140 °F (1&#;60 °C)
33&#;200 °F (1&#;93 °C)
33&#;140 °F (1&#;60 °C)
Additionally, CPVC is a thermoplastic and as such has greater insulation than that of copper pipes. Due to this increased insulation, CPVC experiences less condensation formation and better maintains water temperature for both hot and cold applications.
Bonding
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Due to its specific composition, bonding CPVC requires a specialized solvent cement different from PVC, with high-strength formulas being first introduced in by Genova Products, followed by alternatives such as IPS's Weld-On line.
Primers, solvent cements, and bonding agents for CPVC reportedly must meet ASTM F493 specifications, differing from PVC solvent cements that must adhere to ASTM D standards.
Fire properties
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CPVC is similar to PVC in resistance to fire. It is typically very difficult to ignite and tends to self-extinguish when not in a directly applied flame.
Due to its chlorine content, the incineration of CPVC, either in a fire or in an industrial disposal process, can result in the creation of chlorinated dioxins and the similarly dangerous polychlorinated dibenzofurans, both which bioaccumulate.
References
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- ^Felder, Richard M.; Rousseau, Ronald W. (15 December ). Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes. p. 581. ISBN 978-.
Earlier, homeowners did not make an effort to choose their home&#;s pipes and fittings personally. They often relied on their contractors to get the plumbing work done. However, homeowners today have become more aware of these little yet essential details of their homes. They handpick the best-in-class pipes and fittings to escape the nightmare of unwelcome leakage and seepage. In this blog, we will learn everything you must know about CPVC pipes and fittings, and the best material for pipes used in residential, commercial, and industrial plumbing systems. We will also learn about the factors you must consider before investing in a CPVC plumbing system. Let us start by getting the basics cleared:
What are CPVC Pipes and Fittings?
Types of Lathe Tool Holders and How to Choose Them
What is Stainless Steel T Profile and Why Do We Use Them?CPVC, also known as Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride, is a type of thermoplastic plumbing material renowned for its durability, chemical resistance, and temperature tolerance. It is popularly used in the manufacturing of pipes and fittings for a plumbing system. To improve their properties, CPVC pipes have been chlorinated, which makes them suitable for both hot and cold water distribution systems. Their main advantages include outstanding resistance to corrosion, high heat resistance (suitable for hot water applications), and ease of installation using solvent welding. CPVC pipes and fittings are widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications, particularly for indoor plumbing, potable water supply, and the making of fire sprinkler systems.
Explore more:
Finding the Perfect Fence: Your Complete Guide from a Trusted ...
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Factors You Must Consider Before Investing in CPVC Plumbing Pipes
Now that you know why CPVC fittings and pipes are a good choice for you, let us discuss the factors you must consider before investing in them.
Material:
Although CPVC pipes are
a perfect pick for plumbing systems as they are strong, highly durable, and heat- and chemical-resistant, keeping an eye on the uniform quality of products that are provided by the manufacturer is always a good option.
Certifications:
Y
ou must check if the manufacturer of CPVC pipes has an ISO certificate. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the primary organisation in charge of developing standards and certifying various products, including CPVC pipes. BIS certification ensures that products meet quality, safety, and performance requirements. NSF certification ensures that the product meets strict standards for public health protection. The relevant standard for CPVC pipes in India is IS:, which indicates the requirements for CPVC pipes for cold and hot water supplies.
Sizes and Dimensions:
There are numerous CPVC pipe sizes and dimensions available in the market. You must check the CPVC pipe length, diameter, and wall thickness to ensure they meet your requirements. Dimensional accuracy is critical for proper fitting and efficient fluid flow.
Installation Process:
Understand the
CPVC pipe installation procedure. Pipes such as GI pipes often demand multiple labourers and specialised equipment for installation. However, it is quite easy and time-efficient to install CPVC pipes as they are lightweight and require a minimum number of tools for installation. Solvent cement is typically used to join these pipes, resulting in a strong bond between the pipe and fittings. Understanding the cutting, fitting, and other CPVC-related methods will help ensure a leak-proof system.
Temperature and Pressure Ratings:
Check the manufacturer's specifications for these ratings to make sure that the pipes can withstand the maximum temperature and pressure levels that your plumbing system can withstand.
Manufacturing Company Details:
Look for information like how old the company is, if they have ISO certification, the quality of the raw materials that they use, the credibility of the brand, etc. This will help you make a sound choice when picking from a variety of CPVC pipes and fittings.
Usage and Application:
Determine the CPVC pipe usage. Understand whether it will be used for potable (drinking) water, industrial applications, or something else. Each application has its own set of specifications and requirements, such as thickness, temperature resistance, pressure capacity, and so on.
Why Choose FlowGuard Plus?
FlowGuard Plus CPVC Pipes are made by Lubrizol, the Global Pioneers of CPVC Technology in India. It is known for offering only the best-quality CPVC products, ensuring leak-proof plumbing systems. Compounds and technical services are regularly upgraded for valued customers.
The brand ensures that the licensee manufacturer must adhere to Lubrizol's quality assurance program. It is also the first CPVC plumbing technology in India to provide both hot and cold potable water. What more reasons would you need to choose FlowGuard Plus CPVC pipes?
Frequently Asked Questions on Investing in CPVC Pipes
- How do you test the quality of CPVC pipes?
To test the quality of CPVC pipes, you must first check if the pipes are thicker. Thick CPVC pipes are often stronger and more durable. Check the markings on the pipe as well. They indicate the class and type of the pipe, in addition to whether it is appropriate for your intended use. Furthermore, the flexibility of PVC pipe can be used to determine its quality, as high-quality pipes should be able to bend without cracking or breaking.
- Is it easy to install CPVC pipes?
Yes. It is easier to install CPVC pipes in comparison to other piping systems such as metal pipes. This is because the installation of metal pipes demands a greater number of labourers as well as specialised equipment. This is not the case with CPVC pipes as they are comparatively lightweight, require a lesser number of labourers, and are easy to install using solvent cement.
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- Are CPVC pipes suitable for both residential and commercial projects?
Yes. CPVC pipes are suitable for plumbing systems in both residential and commercial projects.
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