Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) | Description, Uses, & ...

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liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), any of several liquid mixtures of the volatile hydrocarbons propene, propane, butene, and butane. It was used as early as for a portable fuel source, and its production and consumption for both domestic and industrial use have expanded ever since. A typical commercial mixture may also contain ethane and ethylene, as well as a volatile mercaptan, an odorant added as a safety precaution.

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is recovered from &#;wet&#; natural gas (gas with condensable heavy petroleum compounds) by absorption. The recovered product has a low boiling point and must be distilled to remove the lighter fractions and then be treated to remove hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and water. The finished product is transported by pipeline and by specially built seagoing tankers. Transportation by truck, rail, and barge has also developed, particularly in the United States.

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LPG reaches the domestic consumer in cylinders under relatively low pressures. The largest part of the LPG produced is used in central heating systems, and the next largest as raw material for chemical plants. LPG commonly is used as fuel for gas barbecue grills and gas cooktops and ovens, for gas fireplaces, and in portable heaters. In Europe, LPG water heaters are common. It is also used as an engine fuel and for backup generators. Unlike diesel, LPG can be stored nearly indefinitely without degradation. Compare liquefied natural gas.

Propane production and distribution are integral to meeting the global demand for this versatile fuel. Most of the propane is produced through natural gas processing and oil refining. In North America, significant quantities are produced in the United States and Canada.

Canada plays a crucial role in the global propane market, exporting substantial amounts to the United States. Approximately 85% of Canadian propane is produced from natural gas processing, with the remaining 15% derived from oil refining. Propane extracted during these processes is stored in massive underground salt caverns, holding millions of barrels to ensure a steady supply throughout the year.

After production, propane is transported in liquid form via pipelines, rail, trucks, and ships to various distribution points. At these points, it is stored in large tanks before being distributed to end-users in smaller cylinders and tanks. This robust infrastructure supports the widespread use of propane in residential, commercial, agricultural, and industrial applications globally.

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