Low smoke zero halogen

Low smoke zero halogen or low smoke free of halogen (LSZH or LSOH or LS0H or LSFH or OHLS or ZHFR) is a material classification typically used for cable jacketing in the wire and cable industry. LSZH cable jacketing is composed of thermoplastic or thermoset compounds that emit limited smoke and no halogen when exposed to high sources of heat.[1]

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Description

The first commercial thermoplastic LSZH material for cable jacketing was invented by Richard Skipper in and patented by Raychem Corporation.[2] This invention resolved the challenge of incorporating sufficient inorganic filler, aluminium trihydrate (ALTH), into an appropriate thermoplastic matrix to suppress the fire and allow a char to be formed, which reduced emission of poisonous carbon gases and also smoke and carbon particles, whilst maintaining electrical insulation properties and physical properties required by the end application. The preferred inorganic filler to achieve flame retardation continues to be aluminium trihydrate (ALTH). In the event of a fire this material undergoes an endothermic chemical reaction

2Al(OH)3 &#; Al2O3 + 3H2O (180 °C)

that absorbs heat energy and releases steam when the compound reaches a certain temperature. It is critical that the decomposition of the polymer(s) used to carry the filler happens at approximately the same temperature. The steam disrupts combustion of the evolved gases and helps form a char layer that protects the remaining material and traps particulates. The high level of filler required (&#; 60%) also replaces the base polymer reducing the total amount of fuel available for combustion.

Low smoke zero halogen cable considerably reduces the amount of toxic and corrosive gas emitted during combustion. When burned, a low-smoke zero halogen cable emits a less optically dense smoke that releases at a lower rate. During a fire, a low-smoke cable is desirable because it reduces the amount and density of the smoke, which makes exiting a space easier for occupants as well as increases the safety of firefighting operations. This type of material is typically used in poorly ventilated areas such as aircraft, rail carriages, tanks, subsea and offshore installations, submarines or ships. It is also used extensively in the rail industry, wherever high voltage or track signal wires must be run into and through tunnel systems. The nuclear industry is another area where LSZH cables have been and will be used in the future. Major cable manufacturers have been producing LSZH cables for nuclear facilities since the early s. Construction of new nuclear plants will almost certainly involve extensive use of LSZH cable. This will reduce the chance of toxic gases accumulating in those areas where personnel are working and the lack of corrosive gases where there are computer controlled systems will reduce the possibility of wires being damaged by fire resulting in a short circuit fault.

Since the s, the wire and cable industry has been using low-smoke, low-halogen materials in a number of applications. The introduction of a thermoplastic LSZH extended its use to accessories such as heat shrink tubing, labelling and fixtures. The objective was to create a wire and cable jacketing system that was not only flame retardant but also did not generate dense, obscuring smoke and less toxic or corrosive gases. In the military field its introduction was accelerated after following the dense black smoke emitted from HMS Sheffield after being hit by an Exocet missile in the Falklands War. Several fires, such as the King's Cross fire in London that killed 31 people in London's underground in , increased the awareness of the contribution that wire and cable jacketing makes in a fire. As a result, there has been an increased use of LSZH cables. With an increase in the amount of cable found in residential, commercial and industrial applications in recent years, there is a greater fuel load in the event of a fire and LSZH systems have a major role to play in protecting the public.

Several standards describe the processes used for measuring smoke output during combustion. For military applications Def Stan 02&#;711 in the UK and ASTM E662 in the US which are both based on an ASTM STP No. 422 pages 166&#;204, modified by AMTE, Portsmouth in the UK[3] and superseded by E662 in the US. During these tests a specified material sample is standardised and then exposed to a radiant heat source; the optical density of the smoke given off is photometrically measured.[clarification needed] There are various means of measuring optical density: peak smoke release rate, total smoke released, and smoke density at various points and durations during the test. Results must be below a certain value and the material must pass the burn test in order for the material to be labelled as low smoke.

These tests are conducted under laboratory conditions and cannot claim to replicate the range of conditions expected in a real fire scenario. However they do provide a measure by which the potential smoke emission of materials can be assessed and dangerous materials identified before proceeding to further testing of preferred materials, if deemed necessary.

References

Polyolefin Sheath Compound is a type of thermoplastic material that is rapidly gaining popularity in industries that require high-quality insulation and protection. The compound is widely used in industries such as the construction, automotive, and pharmaceuticals sectors. It is used to safeguard wires, cables, and other electrical equipment from corrosion, weathering, and mechanical damage. This article aims to explain how polyolefin sheath compound works and its benefits.

What is Polyolefin Sheath Compound?

Polyolefin sheath compound is a thermoplastic polymer derived from petrochemical feedstock. This type of polymer exhibits unique properties that make it suitable for use in various applications. It is known for its thermal stability, chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, low shrinkage, high tensile strength, and flexibility.

How Does Polyolefin Sheath Compound Work?

Polyolefin sheath compound is manufactured by blending polyethylene and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The resultant polymer is then compounded with pigments, stabilizers, antioxidants, and other additives. The polymer is then extruded into pellets or granules, which can be further processed into various shapes. This process allows for the creation of a semi-crystalline polymer with high chemical resistance and strong mechanical properties.

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Polyolefin sheath compound is used in various applications where insulation and protection are required. The compound helps to shield wires, cables, and other electrical components from moisture, corrosive chemicals, and mechanical damage. It also provides good electrical insulation and is resistant to high voltages.

Benefits of Polyolefin Sheath Compound

Polyolefin sheath compound offers numerous benefits, which makes it a popular choice in various industries. Some of these benefits include:

1. Thermal Stability: Polyolefin sheath compound can withstand high temperatures without melting or degrading. This property makes it suitable for use in high-temperature applications.

2. Chemical Resistance: The compound is highly resistant to corrosive chemicals, making it an excellent choice for use in harsh environments.

3. Weathering Resistance: Polyolefin sheath compound is resistant to UV rays and can withstand exposure to harsh weather conditions without deteriorating.

4. Easy Processing: The compound is easy to process and can be fabricated into various shapes and sizes.

5. Low Cost: Polyolefin sheath compound is an affordable alternative to other insulating materials, making it cost-effective for many applications.

Conclusion

Polyolefin sheath compound is an important material that is widely used in industries that require high-quality insulation and protection. Its unique properties make it an excellent choice for use in various applications. It provides thermal stability, chemical resistance, weathering resistance, and ease of processing. Above all, it offers a cost-effective solution for insulation and protection needs.

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If you are looking for a reliable polyolefin sheath compound supplier, you can contact us. We offer high-quality polyolefin sheath compound that meets industry standards and specifications. Our products are available in various grades and shapes to suit your specific needs. Contact us today to discuss your requirements.

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If you have any questions or would like to discuss your project needs further, feel free to contact us. Our team of experts is always ready to assist you with your insulation and protection needs. Get in touch with us today to learn more about our products and services.

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