Materials
Metal cage - Spring
The table below shows the materials that we can offer for metal cages and springs.
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Application
Material
Standard
Characteristics
Metal cage
Non-alloy standard steel
AISI 1010
(DIN 1624)
Cold rolled steel
Metal cage
Nickel chrome steel
AISI 304
(DIN 1.4301 - V2A)
Standard stainless steel
Metal cage and spring
Chrome-nickel-molybdenum steel
AISI 316
(DIN 1.4401 - V4A)
Stainless steel highly resistant to corrosion
Spring
Steel for springs
AISI 1070 - 1090
DIN 17223
Cold drawn carbon steel wire
Spring
Nickel chrome steel
AISI 302
(DIN 1.4300)
Stainless steel for springs with a high carbon content
Rubbers
ACM (Polyacrylate)
Polymers containing ethyl acrylate (or butyl acrylate) have a small amount of monomer, which is necessary for cross-linking; ACM is a material with better heat resistance than NBR. It is often used for automatic gearboxes.
Chemical resistance
Mineral oils (motor oils, gear box oils, ATF oils)
Atmospheric and ozone agents
Compatibility issue
Glycol-based brake fluids (Dot 3 & 4)
Aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons
Water and steam
Acids, alkalis and amines
Temperature range
-25°C to + 150°C (short-term peak at +160°C)
-35°C / +150°C with particular ACMs
AEM (ethylene acrylate rubber)
As a methyl acrylate and ethylene copolymer, AEM is considered to be more resistant to heat than ACM. Its characteristics make it an intermediary between ACM and FKM.
Chemical resistance
Cooling fluids
Aggressive mineral oils
Atmospheric agents
Water
Compatibility issue
Aromatic solvents
Strong acids
Brake fluids
Gearbox oils
ATF oils
Temperature range
- 40°C to + 150°C
CR (Polychloroprene)
This CR-based rubber is used in the refrigeration industry and for ventilation systems. This chloroprene was the first synthetic rubber to be developed and marketed.
Chemical resistance
Paraffinic mineral oils
Silicone oils and greases
Water and water-based solvents for use at low temperatures
Refrigerant fluids
Ammoniac
Carbon dioxide
Atmospheric and ozone agents
Limited chemical resistance
Naphthenic mineral oils
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane, petroleum)
Glycol-based brake fluids
Compatibility issue
Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene)
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichlorethylene)
Polar solvents (ketone, acetone, acetic acid, ethylene-ester)
Temperature range
-40°C / +100°C (short-term peak at +120°C)
EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber)
As an Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer copolymer, EPDM is commonly used for hot water taps, cooling systems, brake systems, dishwashers and washing machines.
Chemical resistance
Hot water and steam up to +150°C
Glycol-based brake fluids (Dot 3 & 4) and silicone-based brake fluids (Dot 5)
Organic and inorganic acids
Cleaning agents, sodium and potassium alkalis
Hydraulic fluids (HFD-R)
Silicone oils and greases
Polar solvents (alcohols, ketones and esters)
Atmospheric and ozone agents
Compatibility issue
Mineral oils and greases
Hydrocarbons
Low impermeability to gas
Temperature range
-45°C / +150°C (short-term peak at +175°C)
FFKM (perfluorinated rubber)
FFKM has the best characteristics for resistance to high temperatures, with an excellent chemical inertia. This FKM-based rubber is very often used for high-temperature hydraulic and pneumatic systems, industrial valves, injection/fuel systems, motor seals and high-vacuum systems.
Chemical resistance
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
Polar solvents (ketones, esters and ethers)
Organic and inorganic acids
Water and steam
High-vacuum system
Compatibility issue
Coolants (R11, R12, R13, R113, R114, etc.)
PFPE
Temperature range
-15°C/+320°C
FKM (fluorinated rubber)
Depending on their structure and fluorine content, the chemical resistance and resistance to the cold in fluororubbers can vary. This FKM-based rubber is very often used for high-temperature hydraulics and pneumatics, for industrial valves, injection/fuel systems, motor seals and high-vacuum systems.
Chemical resistance
Mineral oils and greases, ASTM n°1, IRM 902 and IRM 903 oils.
Fire-resistant liquids (HFD)
Silicone oils and greases
Mineral and vegetable oils and greases
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane, petroleum)
Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene)
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichlorethylene)
Fuel (including high alcohol content)
Atmospheric and ozone agents
Compatibility issue
Glycol-based brake fluids
Ammonia gas
Organic acids with a low molecular weight (formic and acetic acids)
Temperature range
-20°C / +200°C (short-term peak at +230°C)
-40°C / +200°C with particular FKMs
FVMQ (fluorosilicone rubber)
The FVMQ has mechanical and physical properties that are very similar to those of the VMQ. However, the FVMQ offers better resistance to fuels and mineral oils. However, resistance to hot air is not as good as that of the VMQ.
Chemical resistance
Aromatic mineral oils (IRM 903 oil)
Fuels
Aromatic hydrocarbons with low molecular weights
(benzene, toluene)
Temperature range
-70°C/+175°C
HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber)
This HNBR-based rubber is obtained through selective hydrogenation of the NBR's butadiene groups. It is commonly used for power-assisted steering and for air conditioning.
Chemical resistance
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Mineral and vegetable oils and greases
Fire-resistant fluids (HFA, HFB and HFC)
Diluted acids, saline solutions and bases for operation at an average temperature
Water and steam up to +150°C
Atmospheric and ozone agents
Compatibility issue
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Polar solvents (ketones, esters and ethers)
Strong acids
Temperature range
-30°C / +150°C (short-term peak at +160°C)
-40°C / +150°C with particular HNBRs
NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber)
Nitrile rubber (NBR) is the general term for acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer. The ACN content can vary between 18% and 50%. While the acrylonitrile content is important, the resistance to oil and fuel is more so. Conversely, the elasticity and compression set are not as good. The NBR has good mechanical properties and good wear resistance. However, its resistance to atmospheric agents and the ozone is relatively low.
Chemical resistance
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (propane, butane, petroleum, diesel fuel)
Mineral oils and greases
Fire-resistant fluids (HFA, HFB and HFC)
Diluted acids, low-temperature alkaline and saline solutions
Water (up to +100°C max)
Compatibility issue
Fuels with high aromatic content
Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene)
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (trichlorethylene)
Polar solvents (ketone, acetone, acetic acid, ethylene-ester)
Strong acids
Glycol-based brake fluids
Atmospheric and ozone agents
Temperature range
-30°C / +100°C (short-term peak at +120°C)
-40°C / +100°C with particular NBRs
VMQ (silicone rubber: methyl vinyl polysiloxane)
This FVMQ-based rubber is very often used in fuel systems.
Chemical resistance
Animal and vegetable oils and greases
Water for operation at an average temperature
Diluted saline solutions
Atmospheric and ozone agents
Compatibility issue
Superheated steam up to +120°C
Chlorinated hydrocarbons with a low molecular weight (trichlorethylene)
Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene)
Temperature range
-60°C / +200°C (short-term peak at +230°C)
The table below gives an overview of the physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics for each of the materials.
Characteristics/Materials
ACM
AEM
CR
EPDM
FFKM
FKM
FVMQ
HNBR
NBR
VMQ
Abrasion resistant
2
3
2
2
4
2
4
2
2
4
Resistance to acids
4
3
2
2
1
1
3
1
3
3
Chemical resistance
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
Resistance to cold
4
2
2
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
Dynamic properties
3
3
3
2
3
2
4
1
2
4
Electrical properties
3
3
3
2
1
4
1
3
3
1
Flame resistant
4
4
2
4
1
1
2
4
4
3
Heat resistant
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
Sealing water
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
4
Oil resistant
1
3
2
4
1
1
2
1
1
2
Ozone resistant
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
Tearing resistant
2
3
3
1
4
3
4
2
2
4
Traction resistant
3
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
2
4
Water/vapour resistant
4
4
3
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
Resistance to atmospheric agents
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1. Excellent properties 2. Good properties 3. Average properties 4. Poor properties
Chemical compatibility
A "Chemical compatibility guide" catalogue can be downloaded from the Documentation section. You can also use our online "Chemical compatibility" tool free of charge.
These two tools give you the option of measuring the behaviour of our materials that come into contact with the majority of existing fluids. The data displayed is the result of rigorous testing of the ambient temperature and in consultation with previous publications. Test results are not fully representative due to the specific features of your application. The tests performed actually do not consider additives and impurities that may exist under the actual conditions of use, nor the potential elevation of temperatures. Other parameters can also alter the behaviour of our materials, such as the hardness, persistence, abrasion, etc. We therefore recommend performing your own tests to verify the compatibility of our materials according to your specific application. Our technical team can provide you with any additional information.
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