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Car grilles contain plastics that are produced using injection moulding
Injection moulding is the most common manufacturing process used to produce plastic parts. The process utilises a machine, raw material, and a mould of the product part being produced to consistently manufacture high volumes of identical objects at a fast rate.
Machines are categorised and rated based on their clamping pressure or tonnage. The higher the clamping pressure, the larger the machine, and the larger the parts that it is able to fabricate. Clamping pressures vary anywhere from 5 tons to 6000 tons. The clamping pressure required to give optimum results for a product part is determined by the projected area of the part in the mould. Using clamping pressures that are too high or too low for a certain part can lead to defects such as flashing, where molten material seeps out of the mould and solidifies, leading to an unwanted thin layer of material forming around the part.
The raw materials used are chosen based on the function and specifications of the final product part. However, each material also has various parameters that need to be considered within the process. Most polymers can be used in the process, including all thermoplastics (nylon, polystyrene, polyethylene) and some thermosetting plastics (epoxy, phenolic). Though being mainly used for the production of plastics, other materials may also be used with injection moulding.
The main components of the process are described below:
The production cycle is very short, usually lasting between 2 seconds and 2 minutes. Upon the completion of step 5, the cycle restarts at step 2, manufacturing a replica of the part.
There are various types of the injection moulding process, ranging from:
Injection moulding is the preferred production method for most mass-produced plastic products, due to its high output rate and consistency of quality. These products include but are not limited to:
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Explore more:There are various considerations to take into account before undertaking injection moulding, ranging from:
Injection moulding is just one of the processes carried out in plastic manufacturing plants. Once the plastic parts are manufactured, they are bonded together to make a product. As a result, bonding plastics is a process just as important as producing them.
Injection molding machine is divided into 2 units i.e. a clamping unit and an injection unit.
The functions of the clamping unit are opening and closing a die, and the ejection of products. There are 2 types of clamping methods, namely the toggle type shown in the figure below and the straight-hydraulic type in which a mold is directly opened and closed with a hydraulic cylinder.
The functions of the injection unit are to melt plastic by heat and then to inject molten plastic into a mold.
The screw is rotated to melt plastic introduced from the hopper and to accumulate molten plastic in front of the screw ( to be called metering ) . After the required amount of molten plastic is accumulated, injection process is stared.
While molten plastic is flowing in a mold, the machine controls the moving speed of the screw, or injection speed. On the other hand, it controls dwell pressure after molten plastic fills out cavities.
The position of change from speed control to pressure control is set at the point where either screw position or injection pressure reaches a certain fixed value.
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